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1.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 77(4): 178-185, Jul.-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131974

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Se ha demostrado la utilidad del estudio ecocardiográfico en las enfermedades que afectan a los neonatos en estado crítico, por lo que se debe capacitar al neonatólogo para la toma y la interpretación de variables hemodinámicas que apoyen la toma de decisiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los resultados del programa de ecocardiografía funcional neonatal y comparar las variables clínicas y hemodinámicas entre sobrevivientes y no sobrevivientes. Métodos: Durante un periodo de 2 años se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y comparativo en neonatos que fueron evaluados con ecocardiografía funcional neonatal por alteraciones hemodinámicas del conducto arterioso persistente, hipertensión pulmonar aguda y crónica, estado de choque y búsqueda de trombos y vegetaciones. Se evaluaron parámetros de funcionalidad de los ventrículos derecho e izquierdo, presión pulmonar y subrogados de sobrecarga pulmonar. Se realizó un análisis comparativo (U de Mann Whitney y Χ2). De acuerdo con los resultados, se emitieron recomendaciones para el inicio, el ajuste o el retiro de fármacos vasoactivos. Resultados: Se realizaron 269 estudios en 119 neonatos (64.7% prematuros, mortalidad del 15%) atendidos por hipertensión pulmonar aguda (38%), conducto arterioso persistente (27%), choque (19%), hipertensión pulmonar crónica (14%) o búsqueda de trombos (2%). Se recomendó cambiar el manejo en el 45% de los estudios. El grupo de no sobrevivientes presentó diferencias significativas en los parámetros de función sistólica del ventrículo derecho y aumento de su poscarga. Conclusiones: La causa principal de la evaluación con ecocardiografía funcional neonatal fue la hipertensión pulmonar. De forma global, se recomendó un ajuste farmacológico en el 45% de los casos.


Abstract Background: Echocardiography is useful in the group of comorbidities of critically ill newborns. The targeted neonatal echocardiography program trains neonatologists for acquiring and interpreting hemodynamic variables to support decision making. This study aimed to describe the results of the functional echocardiography program (fNE) and compare clinical and hemodynamic variables between survivors and non-survivors. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, and comparative study of neonates that received a fNE evaluation for hemodynamic disturbances related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension (aPH, cPH), state of shock and thrombus/vegetations surveillance for two years. Functional parameters of the right and left ventricle, pulmonary pressure, and surrogates of pulmonary over circulation were assessed. Comparative analysis with U Mann Whitney test and Χ2 was performed. Based on the results, recommendations to start, adjust, or withdraw vasoactive medications were issued. Results: Of 269 studies on 119 neonates (65% premature, 15% mortality), the reasons for consultation were aPH (38%), PDA (27%), shock (19%), cPH (14%), and thrombus surveillance (2%). A change in management was recommended on 45% of studies. Non-survivors presented significant differences in the right ventricular (RV) systolic performance and an increased right ventricular afterload. Conclusions: The main indication for fNE was pulmonary hypertension. A pharmacological adjustment was recommended on 45% of the cases.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Shock/diagnostic imaging , Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/diagnostic imaging , Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Shock/physiopathology , Thrombosis/physiopathology , Infant, Premature , Echocardiography/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Infant Mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ventricular Function, Right , Statistics, Nonparametric , Incidental Findings , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/physiopathology , Tertiary Care Centers , Heart Diseases/physiopathology , Hospitals, Pediatric , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
2.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(3): 385-393, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977970

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A abordagem do doente hemodinamicamente instável constitui um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico. A estabilização do doente deve ser rápida e eficaz, não existindo muita margem para erro. Esta estreita janela de intervenção faz com que seja necessário recorrer a métodos de avaliação hemodinâmica rápidos e precisos. A ecocardiografia constitui o método de eleição para a avaliação, à beira do leito, do doente em choque circulatório. De fato, foram os médicos intensivistas que cedo reconheceram as potencialidades do ecocardiograma com estudo Doppler para a abordagem inicial do doente em falência circulatória. O ecocardiograma permite uma avaliação cardíaca anatômica e funcional rápida, a qual pode incluir avaliação hemodinâmica não invasiva por meio do estudo Doppler. Tal estudo integrado pode fornecer dados de extrema importância para a compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes à instabilidade hemodinâmica do doente, permitindo a instituição célere das medidas terapêuticas apropriadas. No presente artigo, propomo-nos a descrever os achados ecocardiográficos mais relevantes em uma abordagem prática e dirigida ao doente crítico com instabilidade hemodinâmica.


ABSTRACT The approach for treating a hemodynamically unstable patient remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Stabilization of the patient should be rapid and effective, but there is not much room for error. This narrow window of intervention makes it necessary to use rapid and accurate hemodynamic evaluation methods. Echocardiography is the method of choice for the bedside evaluation of patients in circulatory shock. In fact, it was intensive care physicians who recognized the potential of Doppler echocardiography for the initial approach to patients in circulatory failure. An echocardiogram allows rapid anatomical and functional cardiac evaluation, which may include non-invasive hemodynamic evaluation using a Doppler study. Such an integrated study may provide data of extreme importance for understanding the mechanisms underlying the hemodynamic instability of the patient to allow the rapid institution of appropriate therapeutic measures. In the present article, we describe the most relevant echocardiographic findings using a practical approach for critical patients with hemodynamic instability.


Subject(s)
Humans , Shock/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Hemodynamics , Point-of-Care Systems , Critical Care/methods
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